Comparison

OCOM vs Data Model

Executive summary

A data model (entity-relationship diagram or relational schema) describes how data is structured and stored: tables, columns, keys and the relationships between records. OCOM describes the governed operational objects an organization manages, their identity, ownership, lifecycle, policy and evidence, independent of any storage. A data model answers 'how is the data stored and related'; OCOM answers 'what operational things exist and how are they governed'. An OCOM model can be persisted in a data model, but a data model does not, by itself, carry ownership, lifecycle or governance.

Scope

Compared

  • How each represents entities, relationships and keys
  • Storage structure versus operating model
  • What each is fundamentally for

Not compared

  • Specific database engines or SQL/DDL dialects
  • Normalization and denormalization choices
  • Physical storage and indexing

Terminology mapping

OCOMData ModelEquivalent
ObjectEntity / TablePartial
IdentityPrimary keySimilar
RelationshipForeign key / AssociationSimilar
ReferenceForeign keySimilar
MetadataColumn / AttributeSimilar
ClassificationType / Subtype tablePartial
ConstraintConstraint / CheckSimilar
OwnershipNone
LifecycleNone
EvidenceNone

Conceptual differences

AspectOCOMData Model
PurposeGoverns operational objects and their realityStructures data for storage and query
NatureAn operating model with rules and conformanceA schema for a database
LevelImplementation-independentTied to a storage paradigm
GovernanceFirst-class: ownership, policy, contractNot defined by the model
LifecycleFirst-class: objects have states over timeAd hoc row status at best

Concept coverage

ConceptOCOMData Model
IdentityCoveredCovered
RelationshipsCoveredCovered
MetadataCoveredCovered
ConstraintsCoveredCovered
PersistencePartialCovered
LifecycleCoveredOut of scope
GovernancePartialOut of scope
OwnershipCoveredOut of scope
Provenance / EvidencePartialOut of scope

Three OCOM cells read Partial rather than Covered (Persistence, Governance, Provenance / Evidence), and the reason for each is recorded in the specification's own register: Persistence is Partial because OCOM defines no storage form; a data model is one storage projection of the objects OCOM governs; Governance is a Core Characteristic of every Object that no document defines as one (AO-023); Evidence has no Meta, Models or Language definition, its Definition being reserved for a future version (AO-021). Workflow and Event are defined normatively at the Models tier and carry no Core Vocabulary term record.

Covered: the model defines the concept explicitly. Partial: the concept appears indirectly or by convention. Out of scope: the model does not set out to describe it; a boundary, not a deficiency.

Interoperability

References